This site is made for all who are interested in ancient & medieval Chinese military history. The breadth of the information will largely range from the Classic period to 1912.
谢谢!
Call me biased, but Manchu fashions pale in comparison to Han dynastic fashion. I wonder why the Manchus didn't just adopt Han style fashion like the Xianbei, Toba Wei, Sui, Tang dynasties. The Toba Wei passed laws that forced sinicization on the Xianbei population, forcing them to adopt Han names, fashion, culture. I wonder why the Qing didn't do the same thing? Most of their supporters were actually Han Chinese anyway.
Well the QIng did overcompensated by being staunch orthdox Confucians, culturally speaking aside from hunts and other Manchu traditions most Manchus simply adopted Han customs and Han traditions in regards to filial piety, reverence for education, and other Han pillars. You don't seem much of this type of customs in Europe, or in the European conquest of the New World, it's always foriegn ways forced thoroughly forced upon the natives.
@萧炎, Stay on topic or I will be flagging everyone of your comments as Spam. Do, Not. Test. Me. in these times.
I would say let alone the fact that they stressed institutions like the Hanling academy, and mandated that future Emperors were well versed in classic Chinese education. Same goes for their use of scholars etc. I'd say, given how Manchus repeatedly changed toward the Han culture, the Han culture itself is still in good shape today.
Yes, I agree. Han and Manchu are one family now, just like English and Norman (maybe not English and Scot unfortunately). But I do see a downside to Manchu Qing reverence and slavish maintenance of the Han Tradition and Culture, they don't seem to have added anything new, they even just moved into the Yongle built Forbidden City in Beijing. It's like the Japanese adopting Tang Dynasty fashions and literature and culture, why didn't they have the same reverence for Song or Ming traditions? At least the Sui Wendi reformed the government structure and the Tang perfected it, they didn't just slavishly read the Book of Rites or Confucian Classics and copied the offices and agencies of the Warring States or Han Dynasty. They added to it, and in some ways improved it. Not so the Manchu Qing.
the Xianbei, Toba Wei, Sui, Tang dynasties were all chinese who adopted foreign fashion influences or outsiders who brought new influences. The anti-qing sentiment is really discriminatory, like before the qing anything in China was supposed to be pure, which is far from being true.. even folding hand fan (Japanese), ming dynasty female dress and 幞頭 are customs adopted from barbarians
korean female fashion made its way into china during the yuan dynasty via royal marriage (empress gi) and goryeo nobles at khanbaliq court, Of course the mongol emperors preferred foreigners over ethnic chinese people... for example kublai khan's portrait was painted by a nepali artist by name araniko, anyway:
“成化中，馬尾裙盛行。此制始於朝鮮國，流入京師。”
"In Mid Chenghua Period（around 1476A.D), 馬尾裙 was popular in Beijing, was from Korea." by 查繼佐
https://www.easyatm.com.tw/wiki/馬尾裙
“宮衣新尚高麗樣，方領過腰半臂載”
"new trend of palace clothing is korean style, square collar dress surpasses waist, covers half of arms."
-張昱，《張光弼詩集 》卷三《宮中詞》 Zhang Yu
“宮中給事使令，大半高麗女，以故四方衣服，靴帽，器物，皆做高麗”
"almost half of palace servants are korean women, by this reason, everywhere dresses, shoes and headwears, and utensils, all of them imitating korea."
-畢沅，《續資治通鑑》卷二百一十四 Bi Yuan
“馬尾裙始于朝鲜國，流入京師”
"the horsetail skirt is derived from the state of joseon, and flowed into the capital."
一陸容，《菽園雜記》 Lu Rong
As much as the rest of the world, the Chinese dynasties have always been fascinated and in touch with foreign culture aka "Barbarian and non-han"
"they don't seem to have added anything new, they even just moved into the Yongle built Forbidden City in Beijing"
So they should have burned down and built an entirely new one? They built new palaces: the summer palace, the old summer palace (larger), mukden palace, Chengde Mountain Resort etc...
In addition to monumental Tibetan Buddhist temples, colonizing and bringing han chinese culture to mongolia, central asia, tibet, xinjiang, outer manchuria, taiwan (making it a true province unlike the jungle and underdeveloped Kingdom of Tungning) , Kazakhstan, Lake Balkhash.....
Abandoning or destroying the forbidden city would only have increased the Chinese ire
"They added to it, and in some ways improved it. Not so the Manchu Qing."
The manchu made the banner system, which was the main cause behind China's expanding territory and warlike imperialism, not to say didn't fail like the tang (the big one run by ethnic han) for highly relying on local warlords http://dragonsarmory.blogspot.com/2018/05/jiedushi-late-tang-warlords.html?m=1 And the warlord era is more of ROC's fault
Hmmm, yes, Chengde and expansion of existing Ming palaces Even going as far as constructing a tomb complex for the last Ming Emperor.
The Qing- in their own ways saw themselves as an extensions of the existing culture, and they branded themselves scholar Kings that honored Confucius and led a Sinocized dynasty.
most qing palaces were indeed made from 0 and starting in manchuria itself. War is destruction and ming beauty burned to the ground during its last gasps. I would rather say expansion and rebuilding took place in the forbidden city such as 宁寿宫, 太和门, 太和殿 and summer palace...
Yes I admit to bias against the Qing and loyalty to the Ming legacy. Although I disagree with you about there not being a 'pure Han' culture, language, Hundred surnames, civilization and core legacy. China had a developed civilization by the time of Confucius, that's what Confucius revered, that's what he was defending. Throughout Chinese history the invaders of China have been quite distinct from Chinese civilization, from lifestyle (nomadic) to language (Hun, Turk, Mongol, Tungustic, European). From the beginning there has only been Huaxia Chinese (華夏) versus Barbarians, there is a straight line from the Yellow Emperor who fought Chi You (蚩尤) to today's developing 'Thucydides Trap' between China and the USA.
(搜山检海捉赵构) When the jurchen attacked south China, Song gaozong even ran out to sea and lost his ability to reproduce( impotence) due to excessive fright，and actively cede territory、pay reparations and beg for peace. (what a shatuo man) In contrast, Ming chongzhen emperor was the other extreme case, and ironically, song gaozong kept the country, while chongzhen emperor did not.(我只能呵呵了)
Comments
@萧炎, Stay on topic or I will be flagging everyone of your comments as Spam.
Do, Not. Test. Me. in these times.
https://v.douyin.com/cJJTS6/
https://web.archive.org/web/20160307140156/http://iel.cass.cn/english/Detail.asp?newsid=8635
korean female fashion made its way into china during the yuan dynasty via royal marriage (empress gi) and goryeo nobles at khanbaliq court, Of course the mongol emperors preferred foreigners over ethnic chinese people... for example kublai khan's portrait was painted by a nepali artist by name araniko, anyway:
“成化中，馬尾裙盛行。此制始於朝鮮國，流入京師。”
"In Mid Chenghua Period（around 1476A.D), 馬尾裙 was popular in Beijing, was from Korea." by
查繼佐
https://www.easyatm.com.tw/wiki/馬尾裙
“宮衣新尚高麗樣，方領過腰半臂載”
"new trend of palace clothing is korean style, square collar dress surpasses waist, covers half of arms."
-張昱，《張光弼詩集 》卷三《宮中詞》
Zhang Yu
“宮中給事使令，大半高麗女，以故四方衣服，靴帽，器物，皆做高麗”
"almost half of palace servants are korean women, by this reason, everywhere dresses, shoes and headwears, and utensils, all of them imitating korea."
-畢沅，《續資治通鑑》卷二百一十四
Bi Yuan
“馬尾裙始于朝鲜國，流入京師”
"the horsetail skirt is derived from the state of joseon, and flowed into the capital."
一陸容，《菽園雜記》
Lu Rong
As much as the rest of the world, the Chinese dynasties have always been fascinated and in touch with foreign culture aka "Barbarian and non-han"
https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ファイル:Album_of_the_Yongzheng_Emperor_in_Costumes_8.jpg&mobileaction=toggle_view_desktop
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Xi_Yang_Lou_in_Art
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiyang_Lou
Cultural "borrowings" in chinese History are a full list.
So they should have burned down and built an entirely new one? They built new palaces: the summer palace, the old summer palace (larger), mukden palace, Chengde Mountain Resort etc...
In addition to monumental Tibetan Buddhist temples, colonizing and bringing han chinese culture to mongolia, central asia, tibet, xinjiang, outer manchuria, taiwan (making it a true province unlike the jungle and underdeveloped Kingdom of Tungning) , Kazakhstan, Lake Balkhash.....
https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn%3AANd9GcQFbO-f6VVFnWzAZGuv8oyrGUNbVpCIGbrwWiGyuQ-xPtFkVshS&usqp=CAU
Just to cite a regional scenario, qing Xinjiang's expanding Chinese culture:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Молельня_солонов._Ак-Кент.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Китайский_домик.jpg
Chinese guardian lion in ruins (dungan revolt):
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vereshchagin-Ruins-in-Chuguchak.JPG#mw-jump-to-license
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lansdell-1885-p231-The-Chief-Taranchi-Mosque-in-Kuldja.jpg#mw-jump-to-license
Abandoning or destroying the forbidden city would only have increased the Chinese ire
"They added to it, and in some ways improved it. Not so the Manchu Qing."
The manchu made the banner system, which was the main cause behind China's expanding territory and warlike imperialism, not to say didn't fail like the tang (the big one run by ethnic han) for highly relying on local warlords
http://dragonsarmory.blogspot.com/2018/05/jiedushi-late-tang-warlords.html?m=1
And the warlord era is more of ROC's fault
So they surely "improved"
Even going as far as constructing a tomb complex for the last Ming Emperor.
The Qing- in their own ways saw themselves as an extensions of the existing culture, and they branded themselves scholar Kings that honored Confucius and led a Sinocized dynasty.
Yes I admit to bias against the Qing and loyalty to the Ming legacy. Although I disagree with you about there not being a 'pure Han' culture, language, Hundred surnames, civilization and core legacy. China had a developed civilization by the time of Confucius, that's what Confucius revered, that's what he was defending. Throughout Chinese history the invaders of China have been quite distinct from Chinese civilization, from lifestyle (nomadic) to language (Hun, Turk, Mongol, Tungustic, European). From the beginning there has only been Huaxia Chinese (華夏) versus Barbarians, there is a straight line from the Yellow Emperor who fought Chi You (蚩尤) to today's developing 'Thucydides Trap' between China and the USA.
When the jurchen attacked south China, Song gaozong even ran out to sea and lost his ability to reproduce( impotence) due to excessive fright，and actively cede territory、pay reparations and beg for peace. (what a shatuo man)
In contrast, Ming chongzhen emperor was the other extreme case, and ironically, song gaozong kept the country, while chongzhen emperor did not.(我只能呵呵了)